经常有朋友买搅拌车的液压油管，不知道怎么改装。我们要了解它的工作原理。通过搅拌机底盘上的取力器，将发动机的动力输送到液压油泵，产生高压液压油。高压液压油驱动液压马达高速旋转，减速器产生大扭矩驱动搅拌筒旋转。根据螺旋输送原理，搅拌筒内的叶片不断推动混凝土搅拌，避免混凝土凝结现象。

A friend often buys the hydraulic oil pipe of a mixer truck and doesn't know how to refit it. We need to understand how it works. Through the power take-off on the mixer chassis, the power of the engine is transmitted to the hydraulic oil pump to generate high-pressure hydraulic oil. The high-pressure hydraulic oil drives the hydraulic motor to rotate at a high speed, and the reducer generates a large torque to drive the mixing drum to rotate. According to the screw conveying principle, the blades in the mixing drum continuously push the concrete mixing to avoid concrete condensation.

发动机输出的动力通过动力输出传输到液压油泵。液压油泵配有两根油管，一根接液压油箱，另一根接液压换向阀（两根油管的厚度不同）。方向阀有四个端口，其中两个连接到液压马达，另一个连接到液压油散热器的出油口。

The power output from the engine is transmitted to the hydraulic oil pump through the power output. The hydraulic oil pump is equipped with two oil pipes, one connected to the hydraulic oil tank and the other connected to the hydraulic directional valve (the thickness of the two oil pipes is different). The directional valve has four ports, two of which are connected to the hydraulic motor and the other to the oil outlet of the hydraulic oil radiator.

此外还应该知道液压传动的优点：可以实现对搅拌罐的无极变速控制，罐体的转动速度和转动方向在设定范围内可以任意调节。液压系统装置重量轻，体积小，安装方便柔性连接灵活。液压系统工作平稳，震动小，操作换向时的缓冲小，操作方便。有自动过载保护装置，自行润滑，使用寿命长。液压元件标准化程度高，方便维修和替换。

In addition, we should also know the advantages of hydraulic transmission: it can realize the stepless variable speed control of the mixing tank, and the rotation speed and direction of the tank can be adjusted arbitrarily within the set range. The hydraulic system device has the advantages of light weight, small volume, convenient installation and flexible connection. The hydraulic system works stably, with small vibration, small buffer during reversing operation and convenient operation. It has automatic overload protection device, self lubrication and long service life. The hydraulic components are highly standardized and convenient for maintenance and replacement.

另外自动上料搅拌车的液压系统在工作中，油液里会不可避免的产生各类杂质异物，主要有焊渣、油漆、胶皮、磨料、灰尘、水分以及油液氧化生成的胶状物质等。这些杂质夹到液压泵马达运动部件中，会破坏部件之间的润滑油膜，划伤柱塞、配油盘和各类阀等敏感部件，造成压力泄漏和高温，缩短泵马达使用寿命。

In addition, during the operation of the hydraulic system of the automatic feeding mixer, various impurities and foreign matters will inevitably be generated in the oil, mainly including welding slag, paint, rubber, abrasive, dust, moisture and colloidal substances generated by oil oxidation. These impurities are caught in the moving parts of the hydraulic pump motor, which will damage the lubricating oil film between the parts, scratch the plunger, oil distribution plate, various valves and other sensitive parts, cause pressure leakage and high temperature, and shorten the service life of the pump motor.

大的颗粒如果堵塞控制油路的阻尼孔，或卡住阀芯，还会引起设备瞬间控制失效，如果一罐混凝土不能及时放出来的话，会造成非常大的连带损失；长期不更换液压油，油液的各项性能也会逐渐下降，引起工作无力，发热，和高温，严重的造成油液变质，会破坏泵马达内部配件。

If large particles block the damping hole of the control oil circuit or block the valve core, it will also cause instantaneous control failure of the equipment. If a tank of concrete cannot be released in time, it will cause very large associated losses; If the hydraulic oil is not replaced for a long time, the performance of the oil will gradually decline, resulting in weak operation, heating and high temperature. In serious cases, the oil will deteriorate and the internal accessories of the pump motor will be damaged.

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